Climate Change, Environmental Stress and Water Resilience in Uttarakhand Himalaya: An Ethno-Historical Study

The Uttarakhand Himalaya, often referred to as the 'Water Tower of India,' faces unprecedented challenges from climate change and environmental degradation. This ethno-historical study examines the intricate relationship between climate change, environmental stress, and water resilience in this ecologically sensitive region. Drawing upon historical records, traditional ecological knowledge, and contemporary data, this research explores the evolution of water management practices from ancient indigenous systems to modern interventions. The study documents traditional water bodies including naulas (step wells), dhara (springs), chaals (water channels), and gadheras (streams), many adorned with Sanskrit inscriptions reflecting the sacred relationship between communities and water resources. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining historical analysis, ethnographic research, and environmental assessment, this paper reveals how centuries-old water harvesting techniques are being revitalized to address contemporary water scarcity. The findings indicate that integrating traditional ecological knowledge with modern water management strategies offers a sustainable pathway for building climate resilience in the Himalayan region.