Determinants of Female Genital Mutilation among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan North-East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) remains a significant public health and human rights concern, particularly in settings where cultural and social norms continue to support its practice. Although awareness of the health consequences of FGM has increased, the practice persists in some Nigerian communities. This study assessed the determinants of FGM among women of reproductive age in Ibadan North-East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women of reproductive age in Ibadan North-East Local Government Area. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, FGM status, knowledge and perceptions of factors influencing the practice. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine associations between selected characteristics and FGM status. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results:  Among the 200 respondents, 116 (58.0%) reported having undergone FGM, while 84 (42.0%) had not. Most were aged 26–32 years (76; 38.0%), Yoruba (140; 70.0%), married (156; 78.0%), and Christian (110; 55.0%). Educational attainment was mainly no formal education (60; 30.0%) or secondary education (60; 30.0%). FGM status was significantly associated with age,  ethnicity, education, marital status, occupation, family influence, and community expectations (p < 0.05). Perceptions that FGM controls women’s sexuality, promotes sexual purity, enhances cleanliness and beauty,  improves marriageability, and prevents social rejection were also significantly associated with the practice. Despite relatively good knowledge of FGM and its health consequences, FGM prevalence remained substantial. Conclusion: FGM remained relatively common among the respondents and was influenced by interconnected demographic, socioeconomic, familial and sociocultural factors. The findings suggest that interventions should extend beyond health education to address family influence, community expectations and harmful social norms. Strengthening women's education and empowerment, community mobilization, family engagement and culturally appropriate counselling may contribute to reducing the practice in Ibadan North-East Local Government Area.