Comparative Renal Biochemical Responses to Date Seed, Common Bean, and Orange Peel Ethanolic Extracts During Repeated Low-Dose Aspirin Exposure in Female Rats: Renal RT-qPCR Profiles of Havcr1 and Nfe2l2

Aspirin remains one of the most widely used antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory agents, yet renal responses can vary with dose, exposure duration, age, baseline kidney function, and concomitant biological stressors. This study compared three plant-derived ethanolic extracts as adjuncts during repeated aspirin exposure in female rats. Twenty-five rats were assigned to five groups (n=5/group) for 30 days: untreated control (C), aspirin 20 mg/kg (A), aspirin plus orange-peel extract 150 mg/kg (B), aspirin plus common-bean extract 150 mg/kg (F), and aspirin plus date-seed extract 150 mg/kg (T). Extracts were prepared by hot 70% ethanol extraction at a 1:10 solid-to-solvent ratio. Renal biochemical outcomes were albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. One-way ANOVA based on the available group means, standard deviations, and equal group size showed significant between-group effects for albumin (F=9.92, P<0.001), total protein (F=72.78, P<0.001), urea (F=13.28, P<0.001), and uric acid (F=6.05, P=0.002), whereas creatinine did not differ significantly (F=1.20, P=0.342). The strongest urea reduction occurred with the bean extract, while all three extract groups showed lower uric acid than the aspirin-only group. These findings support distinct biochemical response profiles among the three plant materials but do not establish clinical renoprotection. Renal RT-qPCR profiling showed Havcr1 relative expression of 1.00 ± 0.12, 3.80 ± 0.45, 2.20 ± 0.31, 1.45 ± 0.20, and 1.70 ± 0.25-fold in groups C, A, B, F, and T, respectively, while Nfe2l2 expression was 1.00 ± 0.10, 0.55 ± 0.08, 1.45 ± 0.18, 1.80 ± 0.20, and 1.60 ± 0.17-fold, respectively.