Complex Analysis of Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Cytohistological Changes in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Breast Cancer
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Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases
among women and is characterized by high mortality rates. There is an
increasing need for non-invasive, repeatable, and cost-effective diagnostic
methods for early detection and prognosis assessment. Peripheral blood
serves as a sensitive biological medium reflecting systemic
morphophysiological, biochemical, and immunological changes associated
with tumor progression. The present study aimed at a comprehensive
evaluation of morphophysiological, biochemical, and cytohistological
changes in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer. The study
involved 200 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients (stages I–IV)
and 150 healthy control subjects. Hematological, biochemical, and
cytohistological parameters were analyzed using modern laboratory
techniques and multivariate statistical modeling. The results revealed
decreased erythrocyte indices, increased RDW, neutrophilia, lymphopenia,
and thrombocytosis in patients. Biochemically, significant increases in CRP,
LDH, and oxidative stress markers were observed, which were directly
correlated with disease stage. Cytohistological examinations showed
erythrocyte anisopoikilocytosis, nuclear atypia of leukocytes, and enhanced
lymphocyte apoptosis. These findings indicate that peripheral blood–based
biomarkers have high diagnostic and prognostic value.
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