Evaluating the Effectiveness of Psychometric Tests in the Early Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
Downloads
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome prevalent among patients with liver cirrhosis, often undiagnosed in its minimal form (MHE). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of psychometric tests in diagnosing MHE.
A prospective observational study was conducted with 100 cirrhotic patients aged 35-70 years. Psychometric assessments, including the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES), Number Connection Test-A (NCT-A), and Stroop Test, were performed at baseline and three-month intervals. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and correlation studies.
MHE was diagnosed in 45% of patients. The PHES demonstrated a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 90%. Significant differences in psychometric scores were observed between patients with and without MHE, with lower scores correlating with higher Child-Pugh and MELD scores.
Psychometric testing is a valuable tool for early diagnosis of MHE in cirrhotic patients. Early detection can improve patient outcomes and quality of life, emphasizing the need for its integration into routine clinical practice. Future research should validate these findings in larger cohorts and assess the long-term impacts of early diagnosis and intervention.
Agarwal A., Taneja S., Chopra M., Duseja A., Dhiman R.K. Animal Naming Test—A simple and accurate test for diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy and prediction of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Clin. Exp. Hepatol. 2020;6:116–124. doi: 10.5114/ceh.2019.95105.
Allampati S., Duarte-Rojo A., Thacker L.R., Patidar K.R., White M.B., Klair J.S., John B., Heuman D.M., Wade J.B., Flud C., et al. Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Stroop EncephalApp: A Multicenter US-Based, Norm-Based Study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2016;111:78–86.
Amodio P., Campagna F., Olianas S., Iannizzi P., Mapelli D., Penzo M., Angeli P., Gatta A. Detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: Normalization and optimization of the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score. A neuropsychological and quantified EEG study. J. Hepatol. 2008;49:346–353.
Badea M.A., Drug V.L., Dranga M., Gavrilescu O., Stefanescu G., Popa I., Mihai C., Cijevschi-Prelipcean C. Diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in a tertiary care center from eastern Romania: Validation of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) Metab. Brain Dis. 2016;31:1463–1471.
Bajaj J.S., Cordoba J., Mullen K.D., Amodio P., Shawcross D.L., Butterworth R.F., Morgan M.Y., International Society for Hepatic E., Nitrogen M. Review article: The design of clinical trials in hepatic encephalopathy—An International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) consensus statement. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2011;33:739–747.
Bajaj J.S., Hafeezullah M., Hoffmann R.G., Saeian K. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A vehicle for accidents and traffic violations. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1903–1909.
Bekmuradova M. S., Bozorova S. A. USE OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MENTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS //World Bulletin of Public Health. – 2023. – Т. 29. – С. 75-79.
Bekmurodova M. S., Maxmudova X. D. PROTON POMPASI INGIBITORLARINING JIGAR SIRROZI BILAN OG’RIGAN BEMORLARNING RUHIY HOLATIGA TA'SIRI //BIOLOGIYA VA KIMYO FANLARI ILMIY JURNALI. – 2023. – Т. 1. – №. 1. – С. 24-30.
Coubard O.A., Ober K.M., Gaumet M., Urbanski M., Amato J.N., Chapron V., Weiss N., Kinugawa K., Weissenborn K., Thabut D. Standardization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in a French population. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0257136.
Ferenci P., Lockwood A., Mullen K., Tarter R., Weissenborn K., Blei A.T. Hepatic encephalopathy—Definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: Final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology. 2002;35:716–721.
Khabibovna Y. S., Salkhidinovna B. M. Effects of proton pump inhibitors on hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis //World Bulletin of Public Health. – 2022. – Т. 9. – С. 230-233.
Khudoyberdievich, Ziyadullaev Shukhrat, Bekmuradova Makhsuda Salkhidinovna, and Toirov Doston Rustamovich. "Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhotic Patients with Concomitant Gastroduodenal Disorders." American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 13.2 (2023): 112-118.
Kircheis G., Bode J.G., Hilger N., Kramer T., Schnitzler A., Haussinger D. Diagnostic and prognostic values of critical flicker frequency determination as new diagnostic tool for objective HE evaluation in patients undergoing TIPS implantation. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2009;21:1383–1394.
Labenz C., Beul L., Toenges G., Schattenberg J.M., Nagel M., Sprinzl M.F., Nguyen-Tat M., Zimmermann T., Huber Y., Marquardt J.U., et al. Validation of the simplified Animal Naming Test as primary screening tool for the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2019;60:96–100.
Nazarov, Feruz Yusufovich, and Zarina Erkinovna Xaydarova. "OSHQOZON VA ICHAK YARA KASALLIKLARI BOR BEMORLARDA SUYAKLAR MINERAL ZICHLIGINING BUZILISHI." Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 2.Special Issue 4-2 (2022): 1037-1044.
Pawar V.B., Surude R.G., Sonthalia N., Zanwar V., Jain S., Contractor Q., Rathi P.M. Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Indians: Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score and Inhibitory Control Test for Diagnosis and Rifaximin or Lactulose for Its Reversal. J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol. 2019;7:304–312.
Salhiddinovna, B. M., Alisherovna, K. M., Tashtemirovna, E. M. M., & Tatlibayevich, Y. S. (2023). Hepatic Encephalopathy and Quality of Life of Patients With Viral Cirrhosis of the Liver. Miasto Przyszłości, 35, 1-5.
Salkhidinovna B. M. Assessment of the dynamics of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis before and after treatment in stationary. – 2022.
Salkhidinovna B. M. et al. Challenges and Treatment in Liver Diseases //Miasto Przyszłości. – 2024. – Т. 52. – С. 576-582.
Salkhidinovna B. M. et al. Psychological Impacts and Treatment Strategies in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis //Research Journal of Trauma and Disability Studies. – 2024. – Т. 3. – №. 9. – С. 140-146.
Salkhidinovna B. M., Nizomitdinovich K. S. ASSESSMENT OF THE DYNAMICS OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS BEFORE AND AFTER IN-HOSPITAL TREATMENT.
Tapper E.B., Kenney B., Nikirk S., Levine D.A., Waljee A.K. Animal Naming Test Is Associated With Poor Patient-Reported Outcomes and Frailty in People With and Without Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol. 2022;13:e00447.
Toshtemirovna, E. M. M., Alisherovna, K. M., Erkinovna, K. Z., & Xudoyberdiyevich, G. X. (2022). DIAGNOSIS OF CIRRHOTIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. Spectrum Journal of Innovation, Reforms and Development, 10, 141-147.
Weissenborn K. Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Clinical Grading and Diagnostic Principles. Drugs. 2019;79:5–9.
Wunsch E., Koziarska D., Kotarska K., Nowacki P., Milkiewicz P. Normalization of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in Polish population. A prospective, quantified electroencephalography study. Liver Int. 2013;33:1332–1340. doi: 10.1111/liv.12194.
Xudoyberdiyevich, G. X., Alisherovna, K. M., Toshtemirovna, E. M. M., & Totlibayevich, Y. S. (2022). Characteristics Of Neuropeptides-Cytokines in Patients with Cardiovascular Pathology Occurring Against the Background of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders. The Peerian Journal, 11, 51-57.
Xudoyberdiyevich, Gafforov Xudoyor, and Vafoyeva Nigora Abrorovna. "Jigar Sirrosi Kasalligida Yurakning Sistolik Va Diastolik Disfunktsiyasining Ahamiyati." Journal of cardiorespiratory research 2.1 (2021): 67-69.
Бекмурадова М. С., Махмудова Х. Д. ВЛИЯНИЕ ИНГИБИТОРОВ ПРОТОННОЙ ПОМПЫ НА МЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ СТАТУС БОЛЬНЫХ ЦИРРОЗОМ ПЕЧЕНИ //World of Scientific news in Science. – 2023. – Т. 1. – №. 2. – С. 128-138.
