Stability-Oriented Delivery of Immune-Active Micronutrients in a Multivitamin-Mineral Tablet: Formulation Performance and Human Evidence
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We examined the preservation of immune-relevant micronutrients in a single-layer multivitamin–mineral tablet and compared the formulation results with randomized human evidence. The tablet included vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, zinc and selenium in a broader micronutrient matrix. After segmented premixing, ferric-pyrophosphate preadsorption, brief low-humidity blending and direct compression, three-month retention at 40°C/75% RH was 83.7% for vitamin C and 87.2% for vitamin D3. Direct blending gave 74.8% and 82.0%, respectively. In human trials, multimicronutrient supplementation improved vitamin C and zinc status. Some nutritionally vulnerable older populations also experienced fewer infections, although functional immune assays in healthy older adults did not change. Stable formulation delivery and baseline nutritional status should therefore be considered separately when immune outcomes are assessed.
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